bootstack.TimeField#

class bootstack.TimeField(value=None, *, signal=None, value_format='shortTime', interval=30, min_time=None, max_time=None, label=None, message=None, required=False, disabled=False, read_only=False, width=None, accent=None, density=None, parent=None, **kwargs)#

Bases: ValueSignalMixin, FieldAddonMixin, PublicWidgetBase

A time-input field with a searchable dropdown of time intervals.

Displays a formatted time value and shows a dropdown list of times at the specified interval. The user can type a custom time or pick from the list.

Parameters:

value (Any) – Initial time value — a datetime.time object or a time string (e.g. '14:30' or '2:30 PM'). Empty by default; pass a value to seed a starting time.
value_format (str) – Format applied to the displayed time — a named preset (e.g. 'shortTime', 'longTime') or a custom pattern (e.g. 'HH:mm', 'h:mm a'). Default 'shortTime'. See format specs.
interval (int) – Minute interval for dropdown entries. Default 30.
min_time (time | str | None) – Earliest time shown in the dropdown.
max_time (time | str | None) – Latest time shown in the dropdown.
label (str | None) – Label displayed above the field.
message (str | None) – Hint text displayed below the field.
signal (Signal | None) – Reactive Signal two-way bound to the field’s time value (not its text). When given, it seeds the initial value. This is the usual way to bind a time field.
required (bool) – If True, field cannot be left empty.
disabled (bool) – If True, field is non-interactive.
read_only (bool) – If True, the time is visible but cannot be changed — typing is blocked, and neither the clock button nor a click in the field opens the time list. Unlike disabled, the field keeps its normal appearance and stays in the tab order. Defaults to False.
width (int | None) – Width in character cells.
accent (AccentToken | str | None) – Accent color applied to the focus ring. Default 'primary'.
density (WidgetDensity | None) – Widget density.
parent (Any) – Override the context-stack parent.
**kwargs (Any) – Layout placement options applied by the parent container — fill, expand, anchor, margin, row, column, sticky. See Arranging Widgets.

property addons: dict[str, Any]#: Named addon widgets inserted via insert_addon().

property disabled: bool#: Whether the field is disabled (non-interactive and greyed out).

property error: Signal#

Reactive Signal[str] — the current validation error, '' when valid.

Bind it to surface the message anywhere, for example bs.Label(textsignal=field.error).

property is_attached: bool#

Whether the widget is currently placed in its layout.

True while the widget occupies space in its parent; False after detach (or before it has ever been placed). A detached widget keeps its state and can be returned to the layout with attach.

property read_only: bool#: Whether the field is read-only — the time shows but cannot be changed.

property schedule: Schedule#

Scheduler tied to this widget’s lifetime.

All jobs are automatically cancelled when the widget is destroyed. First access creates the Schedule instance; subsequent accesses return the same instance.

Usage:

self.schedule.delay(500, callback)
self.schedule.every(1000, tick)
job = self.schedule.idle(refresh)
job.cancel()

property signal: Signal | None#: The reactive Signal bound to this field’s value, or None.

property text: str#

The current display text shown in the field.

This is the formatted string the user sees, as opposed to value, which is the raw parsed datum (e.g. for a DateField, text is 'Jan 2, 2024' while value is a date). Read-only — assign to value to change it.

property valid: Signal#

Reactive Signal[bool] — whether the field currently passes validation.

Call it to read the current state (field.valid()), subscribe to react, or bind it. Updated on every validation run — a blur, a keystroke (for key-triggered rules), or a manual validate().

property value: time | None#: Current time value, or None if the field is empty.

add_validation_rule(rule_type, **kwargs)#

Add a validation rule to the field.

Rules run automatically on blur or key events depending on the rule type, or manually via validate(). Multiple rules can be added; they are evaluated in order and stop at the first failure.

Rules validate the field’s typed value — a custom rule on a numeric field receives a number, on a date field a date. Text rules (stringLength, pattern, email) apply only to text fields; range applies only to numeric/date/time fields. Attaching a rule to a field whose value kind it cannot validate raises BootstackError. A Select is the exception — its value kind is whatever its options carry, so it accepts every rule type.

Parameters:

rule_type (RuleType) – The kind of validation rule to apply.
**kwargs (Any) –
Rule-specific options:
- message (all rules) — override the default error message.
- trigger (all rules) — when to run: 'always' (key and blur), 'key', 'blur', or 'manual'. Each rule type has its own sensible default (see the Validation reference).
- min, max (stringLength) — minimum/maximum character count.
- min, max (range) — lower/upper bound for the typed value (numbers, or date/time objects).
- pattern (pattern) — regex string the value must match.
- other_field (compare) — field whose value must match.
- func (custom) — callable (value) -> bool receiving the field’s typed value.

Example:

field.add_validation_rule("required")
field.add_validation_rule("stringLength", min=3, max=50)
field.add_validation_rule("email", message="Enter a valid email.")
field.add_validation_rule("custom", func=lambda v: v.isdigit())

age.add_validation_rule("range", min=18, message="Must be 18+.")

attach(**kwargs)#

Return a detached widget to its layout, optionally moving it.

With no arguments, restores the widget to exactly where detach took it from. Any layout kwargs accepted by the original placement (e.g. fill, expand, anchor, sticky, margin) override the stored options. For stacked widgets, index= sets the position among the currently attached siblings (or pass an explicit before=/after= sibling); without one, the snapshotted position is used.

Calling attach on a widget that is already attached moves it (the kwargs are re-applied). Fires on_attach.

Parameters:: **kwargs (Any) – Layout placement options to override for this placement.
Raises:: ParentResolutionError – If the widget was never placed in a layout.

capture(path, *, inset=0, settle=0.1)#

Save a picture of this widget to an image file.

Captures the area this widget occupies on screen — one widget, a whole window, or the entire application, depending on what you call it on. The file extension selects the format, so .png, .jpg, and .pdf all work.

The widget has to be visible. A capture reads pixels from the display, so the window is brought to the front first and a hidden or detached widget cannot be captured at all. Any always-on-top setting the window already had is left as it was found.

Pair it with a save dialog to let the user choose where it goes:

import bootstack as bs

def on_export():
    chosen = bs.ask_save_file(initial_file="dashboard.png")
    if chosen:
        app.capture(chosen)

Parameters:

path (str | Path) – Where to write the image. Missing parent folders are created, and the extension chooses the format.
inset (int) – Pixels to trim from every edge, zero or more. Use 2 on a whole window to drop the native border artifact.
settle (float) – Seconds to let the desktop finish repainting before the pixels are read. The default covers the common case of a dialog closing just beforehand. The interface pauses for this long, so a second click on the control that started the capture waits its turn rather than starting an overlapping one.

Returns:

The path that was written.

Raises:

BootstackError – If the widget is not visible on screen or has been scrolled out of view, if inset is negative, if no capture backend is available, or if the file cannot be written.

Return type:

Path

Added in version 0.3.0.

clear()#

Clear the field, setting the value to None.

destroy()#

Destroy the widget and release the resources it holds.

Removes the widget from its parent, destroys its children, and cancels any pending or repeating jobs on its schedule. After this the widget must not be used again. Destroying a container destroys everything inside it.

detach()#

Remove the widget from its layout without destroying it.

The widget stops occupying space but keeps its state, children, and event bindings, ready to be returned with attach. The current position is snapshotted so a plain attach() restores it exactly — for stacked siblings this is the index among the currently attached siblings, so detaching other siblings first shifts that index.

Calling detach on a widget that is already detached, or one that was never placed in a layout, does nothing. Fires on_detach.

emit(event, *, data=None)#

Fire a named event on this widget, as if it produced the event itself.

This is how a composite widget surfaces high-level activity to its listeners, and the generic counterpart to the on_*() shorthands for firing events that have no dedicated method.

It is meant for the framework’s own events — 'change', 'select', 'input' and the rest of the data-carrying names. A handler registered through on() or an on_<event>() shorthand receives what is emitted.

Names that map onto a native event instead ('click', 'focus', 'blur', 'submit', …) are a different matter: emitting one asks the toolkit to deliver a real input event, which carries no payload and can reach handlers the widget installed for its own use. Emitting those is not a way to notify listeners, and a listener bound through on() may not see it. Drive the widget through its properties and methods instead.

Parameters:

event (str) – The event name, unprefixed — the same name you pass to on() or an on_<event>() shorthand (e.g. 'change', 'select').
data (Any) – The payload delivered to handlers. Pass the matching payload dataclass from bootstack.events — the same object an on_<event>() handler receives.

Example

from bootstack.events import ChangeEvent

field.emit("change", data=ChangeEvent(value=new_value))

focus()#

Give keyboard focus to this field.

insert_addon(widget, position, *, name=None, text=None, icon=None, accent=None, on_click=None, signal=None, active_when_readonly=False)#

Insert a small widget inside the field border, before or after the input.

Use this for affordances such as a clear button, a search icon, a unit suffix label, or an on/off toggle.

Parameters:

widget (Literal['button', 'label', 'toggle']) – Addon type — 'button' (clickable), 'label' (static text or icon), or 'toggle' (on/off control).
position (Literal['before', 'after']) – 'before' (left of the input) or 'after' (right).
name (str | None) – Key to retrieve the addon later via addons. Auto-generated if omitted.
text (str | None) – Text shown on the addon. Applies to any addon type.
icon (str | None) – Bootstrap Icons name shown on the addon (e.g. 'search', 'x-lg'). An icon-only addon is rendered when icon is given without text.
accent (AccentToken | str | None) – Accent token for the addon. Prefer an accent for a text-only button.
on_click (Callable[[], Any] | None) – Called with no arguments when a 'button' or 'toggle' addon is activated.
signal (Signal | None) – Reactive Signal[bool] bound to a 'toggle' addon’s on/off state.
active_when_readonly (bool) – Keep the addon interactive while the field is read-only. Off by default, so addons follow the field’s read-only state — appropriate since most act on the value (a clear button, the spin buttons). Set True only for a read-only-safe action such as a copy or reveal button; it still dims when the field is fully disabled.

Returns:

The created addon widget instance.

Return type:

Any

on(event, handler=None)#

Bind handler to event, or return a composable Stream.

With a handler — binds immediately and returns a Subscription:

sub = widget.on("change", handler)
sub.cancel()

Without a handler — returns a Stream for operator chaining. The Tk binding is created lazily when .listen() is called:

sub = widget.on("change").debounce(300).listen(handler)
sub.cancel()

Parameters:

event (str) – Event name (e.g. "change", "click").
handler (Callable[[Any], Any] | None) – Optional callback. If omitted, a Stream is returned.

Returns:

Subscription when a handler is provided; Stream otherwise.

Return type:

Stream | Subscription

on_attach(handler=None)#

Register a callback fired when the widget enters the layout.

Fires each time the widget becomes visible in its parent — on initial placement and on every attach. Pair it with on_detach to keep per-visibility resources (timers, observers) tied to the widget’s presence on screen. The handler receives a curated Event.

Parameters:: handler (Callable[[Event], Any] | None) – Called when the widget is attached. Omit to get a composable Stream.
Returns:: A cancellable Subscription when a handler is given, otherwise a Stream.
Return type:: Stream | Subscription

on_blur() → Stream#

on_blur(handler: Callable[[Event], Any]) → Subscription

Register a callback fired when the field loses keyboard focus.

Parameters:: handler (Callable[[Event], Any] | None) – Called with an Event. Omit to get a composable Stream instead.
Returns:: A cancellable Subscription when a handler is given, otherwise a Stream.
Return type:: Stream | Subscription

on_change() → Stream#

on_change(handler: Callable[[ChangeEvent], Any]) → Subscription

Register a callback fired when the time value changes.

Parameters:: handler (Callable[[ChangeEvent], Any] | None) – Called with a ChangeEvent. Omit to get a composable Stream instead.
Returns:: A cancellable Subscription when a handler is given, otherwise a Stream.
Return type:: Stream | Subscription

on_destroy(handler=None)#

Register a callback fired when the widget is destroyed.

Fires once, as the widget is torn down — the place to release resources the widget owns that aren’t cleaned up automatically (file handles, observers, external subscriptions). The handler receives a curated Event.

Parameters:: handler (Callable[[Event], Any] | None) – Called as the widget is destroyed. Omit to get a composable Stream.
Returns:: A cancellable Subscription when a handler is given, otherwise a Stream.
Return type:: Stream | Subscription

on_detach(handler=None)#

Register a callback fired when the widget leaves the layout.

Fires each time the widget stops occupying space in its parent — on detach and when an ancestor hides it. Pair it with on_attach to release per-visibility resources. The handler receives a curated Event.

Parameters:: handler (Callable[[Event], Any] | None) – Called when the widget is detached. Omit to get a composable Stream.
Returns:: A cancellable Subscription when a handler is given, otherwise a Stream.
Return type:: Stream | Subscription

on_focus() → Stream#

on_focus(handler: Callable[[Event], Any]) → Subscription

Register a callback fired when the field gains keyboard focus.

Parameters:: handler (Callable[[Event], Any] | None) – Called with an Event. Omit to get a composable Stream instead.
Returns:: A cancellable Subscription when a handler is given, otherwise a Stream.
Return type:: Stream | Subscription

on_invalid() → Stream#

on_invalid(handler: Callable[[ValidationEvent], Any]) → Subscription

Register a callback fired when validation fails.

Parameters:: handler (Callable[[ValidationEvent], Any] | None) – Called with a ValidationEvent. Omit to get a composable Stream instead.
Returns:: A cancellable Subscription when a handler is given, otherwise a Stream.
Return type:: Stream | Subscription

on_submit() → Stream#

on_submit(handler: Callable[[Event], Any]) → Subscription

Register a callback fired when the user presses Return to confirm input.

Parameters:: handler (Callable[[Event], Any] | None) – Called with an Event. Omit to get a composable Stream instead.
Returns:: A cancellable Subscription when a handler is given, otherwise a Stream.
Return type:: Stream | Subscription

on_valid() → Stream#

on_valid(handler: Callable[[ValidationEvent], Any]) → Subscription

Register a callback fired when validation passes.

Parameters:: handler (Callable[[ValidationEvent], Any] | None) – Called with a ValidationEvent. Omit to get a composable Stream instead.
Returns:: A cancellable Subscription when a handler is given, otherwise a Stream.
Return type:: Stream | Subscription

on_validate() → Stream#

on_validate(handler: Callable[[ValidationEvent], Any]) → Subscription

Register a callback fired when a validation check runs.

Parameters:: handler (Callable[[ValidationEvent], Any] | None) – Called with a ValidationEvent. Omit to get a composable Stream instead.
Returns:: A cancellable Subscription when a handler is given, otherwise a Stream.
Return type:: Stream | Subscription

remove_addon(name)#

Remove an addon inserted with insert_addon().

Parameters:: name (str) – The addon’s name (as passed to insert_addon).
Raises:: KeyError – If no addon with that name exists.

update_addon(name, *, text=None, icon=None, accent=None, on_click=None)#

Reconfigure an existing addon in place.

Only the options you pass are changed. Use this, for example, to flip a toggle addon’s label between two units, or swap a button’s icon.

Parameters:

name (str) – The addon’s name (as passed to insert_addon).
text (str | None) – New text for the addon.
icon (str | None) – New Bootstrap Icons name for the addon.
accent (AccentToken | str | None) – New accent token for the addon.
on_click (Callable[[], Any] | None) – New click handler for a 'button' or 'toggle' addon.

Raises:

KeyError – If no addon with that name exists.

validate()#

Run validation rules against the current value.

Returns:: True if all rules pass, False otherwise.
Return type:: bool